Pharmacology Exercise Part 3 | Portal for education in nursing
- Often caused by allergies wheelhouse vets and contact dermatitis,
- In preterm infants whose glukoriniltransferaza not yet developed syndrome causes children gray (gray baby sindom), which is characterized by cyanosis, abdominal problems and heart failure in the vascular system and even death,
- Caused by an intolerance to alcohol
Their basic structure of the beta-lactam ring. They differ according to the radicals, which provide anti-bacterial spectrum and pharmacological properties.
They are bactericidal, inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting wheelhouse vets transpeptidase. Are selectively toxic interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis, which is a mammalian cell are not. Secreted in the urine, even with tubular secretion, which can be boiled, and also raised the concentration of antibiotics in the plasma.
All penicillins cross-sensitizing and cause cross allergy. Direct toxicity wheelhouse vets results in irritation of the gastrointestinal tract (ampilicilin), cationic toxicity (Na +, K + salt) effects on the CNS and supeinfekcijami (broad-spectrum penicillins). Diffusion treatment with penicillins has resulted wheelhouse vets in increase in the number of resistant strains of bacteria and a high percentage of people (5%), which are penicillin-hypersensitive.
According to the chemical structure is related to penicillin. Their core is 7-aminocephalosporanic acid, containing the β- lactam ring. They also act on staphylococci, which form the β- lactamase, are also effective against G neg bacteria, E. coli and Klebsieli.
Cefolosporine administered orally, parenterally most often. Excreted in the urine by filtration and tubular secretion. Third generation cephalosporins pass into the brain in sufficient quantity to be effective in bacterial wheelhouse vets meningitis.
It is a broad spectrum bacteriostatic:
- Toxic for: bone marrow, inhibits the maturation of red blood cells, rare aplastic anemia, wheelhouse vets which may be irreversible, frequent indigestion candida lining wheelhouse vets of the mouth and vagina, because the brakes liver enzyme chloramphenicol cause drug interactions.
They are broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics, which have a unit structure of many bencenskih rings. They bind to the 30 S ribosomal wheelhouse vets subunit, preventing pričrvstitev aminoacyl messenger RNA and inhibit protein synthesis.
- Meningococcal meningitis (minocycline) Several bacterial strains are resistant to tetracyclines, as a result of extensive application. The resistance exerted by the plasmids is due to the reduced permeability wheelhouse vets of the bacterial membranes to tetracyclines and decreased uptake of the antibiotic in the bacteria. Cross the placenta, in the milk, but not in the brain. Excreted in the bile and it is therefore important enterohepatic circulation.
Aminoglycoside antibiotics
Resistance to them occurs by changing the permeability of the membrane wheelhouse vets or by changing the receptor. The most important is the formation of (plasmid) acetyl, adenyl, or fosforiltransferaz that inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics.
-njihova toxicity increases with simultaneous use of diuretics acting on Henlejevo ribbon
Acting on G + bacilli and coca, some G- bacilli, some anaerobic and parasite toxoplasma, kriptosporidio and Plasmodium. They are also effective for mycoplasma, ureaplazmi and alkoxyalkyl. Inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to the 50 S ribosomal subunit. They are bacteriostatic, the treble but bactericidal concentrations. Their antibacterial effect lasts 5 to 9 hours. Macrolides with the exception of klaritromicina- during pregnancy are not harmful (group b).
- Legion
Treatment of tuberculosis is difficult, due to the rapid emergence of resistance due to the position of intracellular bacteria, in particular in caseous part of the lesion. wheelhouse vets Therefore, it is necessary to give high doses of drugs. Tuberkolostatike combined and thus prevent the development wheelhouse vets of resistance and increase the effectiveness of treatment.
Purpose; LOCAL, SYSTEMIC
- Amphotericin wheelhouse vets B - binds with ergosterolom, specific fungal sterol Members and changes the permeability of membranes. Winning is in infections with blastomicetami, kokcidoidi and cryptococcosis, and candida albicans histoplazmo. Administered by iv Toxic effects are common: fever, disturbances in electrolyte balance, hypotension, neurological deficits, wheelhouse vets kidney damage and heart.
- Flucytosine is a prodrug, which becomes the deamination active only in yeast. Effects on RNA. Used in systemic infections with Candida albicans and kriptokoki. The worst side effect is reversible bone marrow toxicity.
- Ketoconazole: the drug is active in systemic infections with blastomicetami, kokcidoidi, histoplasmosis and candida albicans.Absorbira from the gastrointestinal tract, wheelhouse vets fever, chills, liver damage and hormonal disorders due to impaired wheelhouse vets synthesis of steroids.
- In infections with Candida albicans is administered topically in patients who have a weakened immune system, the oral
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