Section 1157 Culture -

Section 1157 Culture -
Original Address: theater rescue medicine Author: Xu Xinsheng heart triple (lidocaine, atropine, epinephrine) call triple (Lobeline back Su Ling, Lamine) old triple needle: epinephrine, norepinephrine, iso c adrenaline new triple needle: epinephrine, atropine, lidocaine a central nervous stimulant nikethamide compendium veterinary (Lamine) [Pharmacology and Applications] directly excited medullary respiratory center, making breathing deepened compendium veterinary to speed. On the vasomotor center also has a weak stimulant. For central respiratory depression and circulatory failure, anesthetics and other central inhibition of drug poisoning. [Usage] amount used: intramuscular or intravenous injection, 0.25 ~ 0.5g / times, if necessary, repeat 1 to 2 hours. compendium veterinary Maximum dose: 1.25g / times. [Note] large doses can cause high blood pressure, heart palpitations, sweating, compendium veterinary vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias, tremors and convulsions. Lobeline (Lobeline) [Pharmacology and Applications] excited and carotid body chemoreceptor reflex excitability of the respiratory center. For neonatal asphyxia, inhalation anesthetics and other central inhibition of drug poisoning, carbon monoxide poisoning and respiratory failure caused by pneumonia. [Usage] amount used: intramuscular or intravenous injection, 3mg / times, compendium veterinary if necessary, repeat for half an hour. Maximum dose 20mg / day. [Note] adverse reactions are nausea, compendium veterinary vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness; large doses can cause tachycardia, respiratory depression, compendium veterinary hypotension, and even convulsions. Second, anti-shock vasoactive drugs dopamine [Pharmacology and Applications] agitated α and β receptors directly, but also excited dopamine receptors, on the role of different receptors compendium veterinary dose-related: low-dose (? 2 ~ 5μg / kg min) low speed drops Note, the excitement of dopamine receptors, renal, mesenteric, coronary and cerebral blood vessels to dilate, increasing compendium veterinary blood flow and urine output. At the same time excited heart β1 receptors, but also through the release of positive inotropic effect of norepinephrine produce moderate program; moderate doses (? 5 ~ 10μg / kg min), it can obviously excited β1 receptors and stimulate the heart, strengthen the heart contractility. Also excited α receptor, skin, mucous membranes and other peripheral vasoconstriction. Large doses (> 10μg / kg? Min), the positive inotropic and vasoconstrictor effect is more obvious, the renal vasodilation disappear. In small doses of anti-shock treatment CKS inotropic and renal vasodilation dominant. For all types of shock, especially with renal dysfunction, reduced cardiac output, peripheral vascular compendium veterinary resistance increased compendium veterinary more sense to just make up the patient's blood volume. [Usage] amount used: intravenous, 20mg / 250ml 5% glucose was added, the start to 20 drops / min, according to the need to adjust the drip rate, the maximum does not exceed 0.5mg / min. . [Note] 1 adverse reactions are nausea, vomiting, headaches, and other central nervous system stimulant; large doses or overdose can make breathing, tachyarrhythmia. 2 hypertension, myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, diabetes disabled. compendium veterinary 3 should be added using the previous volume and correction of acidosis. Not spill 4. infusion. Epinephrine compendium veterinary (adrenaline) [pharmacological applications] can be excited α, β two kinds of receptors. Β1- receptors stimulate the heart, myocardial contractility, heart rate, increased myocardial oxygen consumption; excited α- receptors, can shrink the skin, mucous membranes, blood vessels and internal organs of small blood vessels, so blood pressure; excited β2- receptors relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasm. For anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest, asthma, mucous membranes or local bleeding gums and the like. [Usage] 1. Rescue anaphylactic shock: intramuscular injection 0.5 ~ 1mg / times, or in 0.9% saline diluted to 10ml slow intravenous injection. Such as poor efficacy, could be replaced by 2 ~ 4mg dissolved in 5% glucose compendium veterinary solution intravenously 250 ~ 500ml. 2. Rescue cardiac arrest: 1mg intravenously every 3 to 5 minutes can increase the dose escalation (1 ~ 5mg) repeat. compendium veterinary 3. In combination with local anesthetics: add a small amount (about 1: 200000-500000) in local anesthetic compendium veterinary (<300μg). [Note] 1. Adverse reactions are palpitations, headache, high blood pressure, excessive use or subcutaneous injection after straying into the blood vessels, compendium veterinary can cause a sudden rise in blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, severe can cause ventricular fibrillation and death. 2. Hypertension, organic heart disease, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, digitalis intoxication, hypovolemic shock, cardiogenic asthma caution. Alternative medicine: metaraminol (Alamin) three, cardiac drugs Cedilanid (deacetylase lanatoside) [Pharmacology and Applications] inotropic and reflex excitability of the vagus nerve, reducing the sinus node and atrial automaticity , heart rate and conduction, so that cardiac volume increases. For congestive heart failure, the paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation. [Usage] usual dose: initial amount of 0.4mg, 2 to 4 hours if necessary, inject half the amount. Saturation 1 ~ 1.2mg. [Note] 1. Adverse reactions are nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, headache, hallucinations, green and yellow vision, arrhythmias and atrioventricular block. 2 acute myocarditis, myocardial infarction disabled; and with the use of forbidden and calcium. IV antiarrhythmic drugs lidocaine [Pharmacology and Applications] at low doses, and promote myocardial cell K + efflux, reducing myocardial conduction fibers of self-regulation, and has anti-ventricular arrhythmias. For ventricular tachycardia and ventricular premature. [Usage] Intravenous: 1 ~ 1.5mg / kg / times (usually with 50 ~ 100mg / times) when necessary, repeat 1-2 times every five minutes. Intravenous: 100mg of 5% glucose intravenously 100 ~ 200ml, static speed 1 ~ 2ml / min. Total <300mg. [Note] 1. Adverse reactions compendium veterinary were dizziness, somnolence, paresthesia, muscle tremors and other symptoms of central nervous system, the excess can cause convulsions, coma and respiratory depression. Occasionally drop hypotension, bradycardia, heart block and other toxic symptoms. 2 A - Sri Lanka's syndrome, WPW syndrome, compendium veterinary conduction block disabled patients. Liver dysfunction, congestive heart failure, glaucoma, epilepsy, shock patients with caution. Propafenone (propafenone) [Pharmacology and Applications] prolong action potential duration and effective refractory period, reducing spontaneous cardiac excitability, reduced self-discipline, slow conduction velocity. Besides blocking β receptors and also L- type calcium channels, compendium veterinary has a mild negative inotropic effect. On for supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia and premature, and WPW syndrome associated with tachycardia or atrial fibrillation. [Usage] 70mg diluted first 3 to 5 minutes after intravenous injection, invalid repeated once after 20 minutes; intravenous injection or a successor to (20 to 40 / h) to maintain intravenous infusion. Total 24 hours <350mg. [Note] 1. Adverse reactions are nausea, vomiting, constipation, altered taste, headache, dizziness, severe cases can cause arrhythmias, such as block, sinus node dysfunction. 2 sick sinus syndrome, low blood pressure, heart failure, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary compendium veterinary disease patients with caution. Five, lowering blood pressure drug reserpine [Pharmacology and Applications] norepinephrine can store emptying, blocking the sympathetic impulse transmission, compendium veterinary thus making vasodilation, decreased blood pressure. Is characterized by slow, gentle and long-lasting; and has a calming effect and slow the heart rate. For mild to moderate hypertensive patients (especially good effect nervous compendium veterinary patients). [Usage] amount used: intramuscular or intravenous injection, 1mg / times, 6 hours after repeated once. [Note] 1. Adverse reactions commonly compendium veterinary have nasal congestion, fatigue, lethargy and diarrhea. Large doses can cause tremors palsy. Long-term use, it can cause mental depression. 2 gastric and duodenal compendium veterinary ulcer patients hanged. Magnesium [Pharmacology and Applications] After injection, the excess magnesium ions around relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, causing sympathetic impulse transmission barriers, so that the blood vessels expand, blood pressure, characterized by fast and strong antihypertensive effect. For seizures, pregnancy-induced hypertension, eclampsia, tetanus, hypertension, acute renal hypertensive crisis and so on. [Usage] usual dose: 25% magnesium sulfate 10ml / times, deep intramuscular injection (slow). [Note] an injection speed too fast or excessive use can cause a sharp hypotension, CNS depression, respiratory depression (calcium rescue);. 2 menstrual period, compendium veterinary the application of digitalis caution. Six, vasodilator nitroglycerin [Pharmacology and Applications] has the effect of relaxation of smooth compendium veterinary muscle relaxation compendium veterinary systemic venous compendium veterinary and arterial, venous capillaries after diastolic (capacity vessels) was significantly smaller than arteries. Right coronary vasodilation also significantly reduce peripheral resistance, compendium veterinary reduce cardiac compendium veterinary stress. For the treatment and prevention of coronary heart disease, can also be used to lower blood pressure or treat congestive heart failure. [Usage] by intravenous infusion, after starting dose of 5% dextrose or sodium chloride solution diluted compendium veterinary to 5μg / min, preferably with a constant rate infusion pump input. Patients with large individual differences in the drug intravenously no fixed suitable dose should be based on an individual's compendium veterinary blood pressure, heart rate and other hemodynamic parameters to adjust the dosage. [Note] 1 common adverse reactions are headache, dizziness, facial flushing, palpitations, orthostatic hypotension, syncope. 2 disabled when there is severe hypotension and tachycardia early myocardial infarction and severe compendium veterinary anemia, glaucoma, patients with increased intracranial pressure. Seven, diuretic furosemide (furosemide) [Pharmacology and Applications] inhibit medullary medulla ascending branch of sodium and chloride reabsorption, promoting sodium, chloride, potassium excretion and effects of renal medullary high osmolarity formation, and thus interfere with urine concentration process, a strong diuretic effect. For a variety of edema, reduce the adjuvant treatment of intracranial pressure, drug toxicity and excretion of hypertensive crisis. [Usage] intramuscular or intravenous injection: 20mg ~ 80mg / day, every other day or 1-2 times a day, start small dose. [Note] long-term medication of water and electrolyte compendium veterinary disorders (hypokalemia, hyponatremia, low serum chloride) and cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, thirst, dizziness, muscle spasms; occasional rash, itching, blurred vision; sometimes produce orthostatic hypotension, hearing impairment, compendium veterinary such as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Eight, dehydration drug mannitol [Pharmacology and Applications] resulting in high osmotic pressure in the renal tubules and diuretic, while increasing blood osmotic compendium veterinary pressure, can make tissue dehydration, and increased intracranial pressure. For the treatment of cerebral edema and glaucoma, but also for the early prevention of acute renal failure and oliguria. [Usage] infusion: 20% solution of 250 ~ 500ml / times, drip 10ml / min. [Note] 1. Adverse reactions are water and electrolyte imbalance. There are other headaches, blurred vision, dizziness, high doses for a long time can cause renal tubular damage with. 2 heart failure, cerebral hemorrhage, the patient due to dehydration and oliguria caution. Nine, sedatives diazepam (diazepam) [Pharmacology and Applications] has sedative and hypnotic, compendium veterinary anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effect. For anxiety disorders and all kinds of neuroses, insomnia and anti-epileptic, relieve inflammation caused compendium veterinary by reflex muscle spasms. [Usage] usual dose: 10mg / times, after demand every 3 to 4 hours plus 5 ~ 10mg. Total 24 hours to 40 ~ 50mg limit. [Note] compendium veterinary 1. Adverse reactions are drowsiness, dizziness, ataxia, etc., occasional respiratory depression and hypotension. compendium veterinary 2 caution in acute alcoholism, myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, hypoalbuminemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Alternative medicine: phenobarbital (Luminal) compendium veterinary X. Antongding antipyretic drugs (including Anjibilin, antipyrine, phenobarbital) compendium veterinary [Pharmacology and Applications] has antipyretic, analgesic and anti- inflammatory effect. Mainly used for fever, compendium veterinary headache, migraine, neuralgia, toothache and rheumatism. [Usage] amount used: intramuscular injection, 2 ~ 4ml / times. [Note] occasionally compendium veterinary rash or exfoliative dermatitis, there are very few who are allergic agranulocytosis; weak constitution to prevent collapse; anemia, hematopoietic dysfunction hanged. Eleven, analgesics meperidine (pethidine) [Pharmacology and Applications] acts on opioid receptors in the central nervous system sedative and analgesic effects. For a variety of pain, cardiac asthma, before anesthesia compendium veterinary administration. [Usage] amount used: intramuscular injection 25 ~ l00mg / times, 100 ~ 400mg / day. Maximum dose: 150mg / times, 600mg / day. Two dosing interval should not be less than four hours. [Note] This product has a dependency. Adverse reactions are nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, sweating, dry mouth. Overdose can cause mydriasis, decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, respiratory depression, hallucinations, convulsions, and coma. Alternative medicine: Morphine twelve, asthma drug theophylline [Pharmacology and application] on bronchial smooth muscle relaxant effect, intermittent inhibit the release of histamine and other allergic substances, relieve congestion and edema tracheal mucosa. Also biliary smooth muscle relaxation, expansion of coronary artery compendium veterinary and mild diuretic, cardiac and central nervous compendium veterinary stimulant. For bronchial asthma, can also be used for cardiac asthma, biliary colic. [Usage] amount used: intravenous infusion. 0.25 ~ 0.5g / times, and after dilution with 5% glucose. Extreme amount of 0.5g / times, 1g / day. [Note] intravenous too fast or too high concentration may have nausea, vomiting, palpitations, blood pressure and convulsions. Acute myocardial infarction, hypotension, severe coronary artery disease compendium veterinary patients hanged. XIII antiemetic metoclopramide (metoclopramide) [Pharmacology and Applications] have blocking dopamine compendium veterinary receptors, inhibit emetic chemoreceptor compendium veterinary medulla play antiemetic compendium veterinary effect and promote gastric motility and accelerate gastric contents emptying. Uremia for gastrointestinal motility disorders, vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation compendium veterinary therapy and chronic compendium veterinary functional dyspepsia caused. [Usage] amount used: intramuscular injection, 10mg ~ 20mg / times a day does not exceed 0.5mg / kg. [Note] 1. Adverse reactions are orthostatic hypotension, constipation, large doses can cause extrapyramidal reactions, may also cause high lactation hyperlipidemia. 2 contraindicated in pheochromocytoma, epilepsy, radioactive therapy or chemotherapy for breast cancer patients. XIV procoagulant drug 6-aminocaproic acid (tranexamic acid) [Pharmacology and Applications] by inhibiting fibrinolysis sky hemostasis. For increased plasmin activity caused by bleeding, such as postpartum hemorrhage, prostate, liver, pancreas, lung and other organs compendium veterinary bleeding. [Usage] amount used: intravenous, beginning dosage of 4 ~ 6g, diluted infusion to maintain the amount of 1g / h. [Note] 1. Adverse reactions are nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, rash, muscle pain, rapid intravenous injection can cause hypotension, bradycardia. Thrombosis can occur in excess. 2. thrombophilia or a history of thrombotic vascular disease disabled. Renal dysfunction, reduction or caution. Alternative medicine: bleeding aromatic acid (amino benzoic acid) bleeding Min (Etamsylate) reptilase fifteen antidote pralidoxime [Pharmacology and Applications] and in vivo phosphorylation of phosphoryl cholinesterase combined into non-toxic substances excreted in the urine, the recovery of cholinesterase activity. Organophosphorus pesticides compendium veterinary used in the rescue. [Usage] amount used: intravenous infusion or slow. 1 mild poisoning: 0.4g / times, if necessary, repeat 2 to 4 hours 1. 2 moderate poisoning: first 0.8 ~ 1.2g, after 0.4 ~ 0.8g every two hours, a total of 2 to 3 times; 3 severe poisoning: compendium veterinary first with 1 ~ 1.2g, after an hour 0.4g. [Note] due to iodine, and sometimes can cause sore throat and parotid gland enlargement. Injected too fast can cause dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, severe convulsions can occur, even respiratory depression. Bogey and basic drugs. Atropine [Pharmacology and application] for M cholinergic receptor blockers. compendium veterinary In addition to general anti-M-cholinergic effects, such as the lifting of gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasm, inhibit glandular secretion, pupil dilation, increased intraocular pressure, visual acuity paralysis, heart rate endures, large doses can function in vascular smooth muscle, blood vessel dilation , relieve spasm, improving microcirculation. For one, relieve colic various internal organs. 2,